Waterproofing Mounting System for Attaching Solar Modules to a Roof

ABSTRACT

A roof mounting system for the attachment of an article to a roof, the system comprising a plurality of PV modules each having at least one corner and a frame member, a flashing member having a top surface; an upstanding sleeve attached to the top surface of the flashing member; an elevated water seal having a borehole formed therethrough, the elevated water seal further comprising at least one screw for providing a waterproof seal between the article and the roof structure; and whereby the plurality of PV modules are interlocked in a way to provide a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement supported above the roof through the frame members of the plurality of PV modules.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 17/364,766 filed Jun. 30, 2021 and granted as U.S. Pat. No. 11,575,343 on Feb. 7, 2023, and which is a Continuation in Part of U.S. nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 17/096,839 filed Nov. 12, 2020, which is a continuation of United States nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 16/539,134 filed Aug. 13, 2019, which is a continuation of United States nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 16/380,918 filed Apr. 10, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 16/160,504 filed Oct. 15, 2018, now patented as U.S. Pat. No. 10,211,775, which is a continuation of U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 15/803,656 filed Nov. 3, 2017, now granted as U.S. Pat. No. 10,103,683, which is a continuation of United States nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 15/225,704 filed on Aug. 1, 2016 and now granted as U.S. Pat. No. 9,755,572, which is a continuation of United States nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 15/045,434 filed on Feb. 17, 2016 and now granted as U.S. Pat. No. 9,712,106, which is a continuation of United States nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 14/605,368 filed on Jan. 26, 2015 and now granted as U.S. Pat. No. 9,813,012, which is a continuation of United States nonprovisional application with Ser. No. 14/166,633 filed on Jan. 28, 2014, now granted as U.S. Pat. No. 8,938,932 and which claims the benefit of provisional patent application with Ser. No. 61/916,046 filed on Dec. 13, 2013.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Technical Field of the Disclosure

The present embodiment relates in general to mounting systems for photovoltaic (PV) modules on roof structures. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a rail-less photovoltaic (PV) module mounting system for providing a cost-effective means to install a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules on a roof structure.

Description of the Related Art

With the increased use of photovoltaic (PV) roofing systems for generating electricity, a demand for mounting hardware, which attaches frames for the purpose of installing the PV modules to the roof structure or any other support structure, has been developed. In recent years, various kinds of mounting structures have been used which allow the installation of PV modules to the roof structures. Mounting structures come in a variety of sizes and patterns to meet installation purposes. However, most of the mounting structures require increased labor time and cost for installation of the PV modules on the roof structures.

Conventional mounting structures for supporting PV modules in frames have considerable drawbacks. For example, many mounting structures utilize rails to mount the PV modules to the roof structure to form a PV array. The use of these rails requires additional materials to support the PV modules. Because of use of the additional material, these traditional mounting structures can result in excess shipping costs. They can also limit the PV array layout possibilities and dramatically increase the time for designing, engineering and installing the mounting structures. Existing devices are expensive, difficult to use and can require additional manpower to install. For example, a typical 5 kW PV mounting system designed to mount 20 PV panels (15.37% efficient) mounted on a traditional rail mounting system requires approximately 302 parts at a total cost of $0.69/W retail for the mounting structure only and weighs over 300 Lbs. Typical installation times for a simple 4×5 (4 rows and 5 columns) PV module rail based mounting system are approximately 49 man-hours.

Traditional rail mounting systems require 5 penetrations per mount, 4 mounts per PV module, additional grounding lugs, and requires specifically engineered PV modules. In addition, existing rail mounting systems may have substandard waterproofing for roof penetrations, along with complex grounding, wire management, and increased labor time on the roof structure due to design flaws. Hard and soft balance of system (BOS) may include bypass diodes, blocking diodes, solar controller, wiring system, battery and/or inverter etc. The hard and soft balance of system (BOS) costs for PV rail mounting system are high due to high material costs as well as long system engineering and installation times. Also, the traditional rail mounting systems require long strings that are difficult to break up, causing difficulty in working around roof obstructions (e.g. vents, skylights).

One of the existing mounting systems describes an integrated module frame and racking system for a solar panel. The system comprises a plurality of solar modules and a plurality of splices for coupling the plurality of solar modules together. The plurality of splices provide a way to make the connected modules mechanically rigid both during transport to the roof and after mounting for the lifetime of the system; provide wiring connections between modules; provide an electrical grounding path for the modules; provide a way to add modules to the panel; and provide a way to remove or change a defective module. Connector sockets are provided on the sides of the PV modules to simplify the electrical assembly when the PV modules are connected together with splices. However, the frame of the PV module is installed with a groove to attach the mounting bracket and a hole to insert the splice to connect the PV modules, which results in a labor-intensive operation. In addition, it requires one mounting bracket per PV module and multiple holes in the roof structure are required for installation, increasing the risk of leaks.

Another existing mounting system discloses a photovoltaic (PV) module framing and coupling system which enables the attachment of PV modules to a roof or other mounting surface without requiring the use of separate structural support members. The system provides a parallel coupling for securely interlocking the outside surfaces of parallel frame members together in a side-to-side arrangement to form an array with improved structural load distribution. The coupling member may attach to a slot in the frame at substantially any position along the length of the frame thereby enabling the interconnection of adjacent PV modules along both an x and y-axis. The system may further provide a rotating portion and locking portion for coupling to the frame attachment, mounting brackets for direct connection to a mounting surface, grounding teeth for the automatic creation of a reliable two axis grounding matrix, and a rapid twist-lock engagement means for reliably interlocking and aligning PV modules in the array. However, this embodiment includes a side-to-side arrangement to form an array and an additional groove/slot is formed on the frame to engage coupling member, which enables the interconnection of frames of adjacent PV modules. In addition, the parallel couplings are extended beyond corner regions of PV modules.

Various other mounting systems currently available are impossible to retrofit to existing roofs without cutting the shingles. The removal of a single PV panel from the PV array installed using some of these aforementioned mounting structures is difficult and can result in re-work thereby increasing labor and material costs. Some other systems do not allow for the capability to independently remove a single PV panel without deconstructing an entire row of PV panels, which significantly increases maintenance costs.

Therefore, there is a need for a rail-less roof mounting system that would provide a cost effective and improved means for PV module installations. Such a rail-less roof mounting system would provide an efficient means of installation that does not require any additional material or structure to support the rail-less roof mounting system. Such a rail-less roof mounting system would provide a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement enabling the bridging of a PV module corner directly with adjacent PV module corner. Such a needed device would provide reduced shipping and hardware costs, labor and installation time and cost; reduce the dead load on the roof structure along with design engineering costs; and hard and soft balance of system (BOS) cost. This rail-less roof mounting system would provide a single grounding lug and a single point of penetration with an elevated seal portion for waterproofing the roof structure. Such a rail-less roof mounting system would typically be designed for implementation on composition shingle roofs, tile roofs, metal roofs, low slope roofs, or any roof that would benefit from being waterproof. This mounting system would also provide simple grounding, wire management, and structural quality. This system would be simple, inexpensive, and lightweight. This system would provide an improved engineering design to accommodate high snow and wind loads. Further, this rail-less roof mounting system would allow an installer to easily work around roof obstructions like vents, skylights, and other roof protrusions. This system would also minimize the number of parts and tools needed to assemble and install the PV module. This rail-less roof mounting system would provide the ability to increase vertical leveling adjustability; to independently remove a single PV module without deconstructing an entire row of the PV array; and allow for easy mounting height adjustment after PV modules are installed. Finally, this rail-less roof mounting system would require less manpower to install and rework.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

To minimize the limitations found in the prior art, and to minimize other limitations that will be apparent upon the reading of the specifications, preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a rail-less roof mounting system for installing a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules on a roof structure. The rail-less roof mounting system comprises a base mount assembly attached to the roof structure. The base mount assembly includes a base member having a top surface and a bottom surface, a block slider having an elevated seal portion and a vertical engaging portion, and a top slider having a top portion and a bottom portion, and a clamp assembly having a clamp member and a plate member.

The top surface of the base member is attached with a waterproof means and the bottom surface of the base member is engaged with the roof structure. The elevated seal portion, having a borehole formed therethrough to receive the waterproof means, engages with the base member and the roof structure, utilizing at least one tightening means that is inserted through the borehole. The vertical engaging portion has a vertical groove along a surface thereof. The top slider having a track with a horizontal groove at the top portion and a sliding seal member with a sliding groove and an opening at the bottom portion. The sliding seal member slides over the vertical engaging portion through the sliding groove and secures, utilizing at least one fastening means that inserts through the vertical groove on the vertical engaging portion. The base mount assembly further includes a covering means that is adaptable to securely cover the at least one tightening means on the elevated seal portion for providing waterproof sealing between the base mount assembly and the roof structure.

The clamp assembly comprises the clamp member that is coupled with the plate member. The clamp member includes a plurality of apertures on an inner surface thereof and a plurality of holes to receive a plurality of screws and the plate member that includes a plurality of slots. The plurality of apertures and the plurality of slots are oriented along a common longitudinal path to receive the at least one securing means. The at least one securing means is slid through the horizontal groove and inserted through the plurality of slots on the plate member and the plurality of apertures on the inner surface of the clamp member. Thus, the clamp member, the plate member and the top slider are secured to each other utilizing the at least one securing means. Thus, the plurality of PV modules are interlocked in a way to provide a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement which enables the connection of PV module corners to adjacent PV module corners by sandwiching above and beneath the frame members of the PV modules.

A first objective of the present invention is to provide a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement, enabling the bridging of a PV module corner directly with adjacent PV module corner.

A second objective of the present invention is to provide an efficient means of installation that does not require any additional material or structure to support the rail-less roof mounting system.

A third objective of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective means for PV modules installation.

A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that reduces dead load on a roof structure along with design engineering costs and hard and soft balance of system (BOS) costs.

A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that is lightweight and to provide improved engineering design to accommodate high snow and wind loads.

A sixth objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that allows an installer to easily work around roof obstructions like vents, skylights, and other roof protrusions.

A seventh objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that minimize the number of parts and tools needed to assemble and install the PV module.

An eighth objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that provides the ability to increase vertical leveling adjustability.

A ninth objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that independently removes a single PV module without deconstructing an entire row of the PV array.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that allows height adjustment of the rail-less roof mounting system after the installation of PV modules.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that has a single grounding lug and a single point of penetration with an elevated seal portion for waterproofing the roof structure.

Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that retrofits into existing roofs without the need to cut shingles.

Yet still another object of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that eliminates the need to transport to the jobsite, configure and cut long heavy rails for installation purposes.

Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that can cantilever PV modules in portrait orientation, landscape orientation or a combination of both.

Yet still another object of the present invention is to provide a rail-less roof mounting system that employs a plurality of wire clips to work in multiple locations to minimize wire management issues.

These and other advantages and features of the present invention are described with specificity so as to make the present invention understandable to one of ordinary skill in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Elements in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale in order to enhance their clarity and improve understanding of these various elements and embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, elements that are known to be common and well understood to those in the industry are not depicted in order to provide a clear view of the various embodiments of the invention, thus the drawings are generalized in form in the interest of clarity and conciseness.

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a rail-less roof mounting system for installing a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules on a roof structure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a base mount assembly in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a clamp assembly associated with the base mount assembly in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a first mounting position of the rail-less roof mounting system interlocking the plurality of PV modules to form a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a second mounting position of the rail-less roof mounting system interlocking the plurality of PV modules to form the corner-to-corner coupling arrangement in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates the rail-less roof mounting system interlocking two PV modules in an arrangement in accordance with an alternate configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates installation of the rail-less roof mounting system on the roof structure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates the base mount assembly configured to adjust mounting height of the rail-less roof mounting system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of a PV array skirt providing a snap-fit engagement with the rail-less roof mounting system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates a profile view of the PV array skirt providing the snap-fit engagement with the rail-less roof mounting system shown in FIG. 9 ;

FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of interlocking of two PV array skirts in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a clamp assembly in accordance with the present invention and;

FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a skirt assembly in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 14 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a skirt assembly in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 15 illustrates an alternative embodiment wherein the corner-to-corner coupling arrangement is supported above the roof by the frame members of the PV modules;

FIG. 16 illustrates a plan view of multiple PV modules according to an embodiment of the invention, with multiple circles and corresponding figure numbers 19A, 19B, 20A and 20B identified as enlarged views;

FIG. 17 illustrates a plan view of multiple PV modules according to an embodiment of the invention, with multiple circles and corresponding figure numbers 21, 22, 23 and 24 identified as enlarged views;

FIG. 18 illustrates a plan view of multiple PV modules according to an embodiment of the invention, with multiple circles and corresponding figure numbers 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, 21, 22, 23 and 24 identified as enlarged views;

FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate the enlarged portion shown in FIGS. 16 and 18 ;

FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate the enlarged portion shown in FIGS. 16 and 18 ;

FIG. 21 illustrates the enlarged portion shown in FIG. 17 ;

FIG. 22 illustrates the enlarged portion shown in FIG. 17 ;

FIG. 23 illustrates the enlarged portion shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 ;

FIG. 24 illustrates the enlarged portion shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 ;

FIGS. 25A-25D illustrate perspective views of various embodiments of the base member used in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 26A illustrates a perspective view of attaching the combination of the block slider and the top slider with the base member in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the block slider and the top slider attached with the base member in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27A illustrates an exploded perspective view of an L-mount clamp with the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the L-mount clamp with the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 28A-28C illustrate perspective views of various embodiments of the L-mount clamp used in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 29A illustrates an exploded perspective view of attaching the L-mount clamp utilizing a deck plate assembly with the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 29B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the L-mount clamp with the deck plate assembly and the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30A illustrates an exploded perspective view of attaching the combination of the block slider and the top slider with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the combination of the block slider and the top slider attached with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31A illustrates an exploded perspective view of attaching the L-mount clamp with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having a captive nut in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the L-mount clamp attached with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having the captive nut in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 32A illustrates an exploded perspective view of attaching the L-mount clamp with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having a captive stud in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 32B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the L-mount clamp attached with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having the captive stud in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33A illustrates an exploded perspective view of attaching the combination of the block slider and the top slider with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having the captive stud in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the combination of the block slider and the top slider with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having the captive stud in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 34A illustrates an exploded perspective view of attaching the combination of block slider and the top slider with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having the captive nut in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 34B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the combination of the block slider and the top slider with the base member utilizing the deck plate assembly having the captive nut in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 35 illustrates a perspective view of the base member with the L-mount clamp attached to the rails of the PV system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 36A illustrates an exploded perspective view of a tile mount assembly to connect with the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 36B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the tile mount assembly with the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 37A illustrates an exploded perspective view of a shared rail mount to connect with the base member and the L-mount clamp in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 37B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the shared rail mount in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38A illustrates an exploded perspective view of a tile replacement mount to connect with the base member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38B illustrates an assembled perspective view of the tile replacement mount in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 39 illustrates a front view of a plurality of fastening means in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 40A-40B illustrate a plurality of brackets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following discussion that addresses a number of embodiments and applications of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Various inventive features are described below that can each be used independently of one another or in combination with other features. However, any single inventive feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or only address one of the problems discussed above. Further, one or more of the problems discussed above may not be fully addressed by any of the features described below.

Turning now to FIG. 1 , a perspective view of a rail-less roof mounting system 100 for installing a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules 170, 172, 174 (See FIG. 4 ) on a roof structure 176 (See FIGS. 7, 13, 14 and 15 ) in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 comprises a base mount assembly 102 that is associated with a clamp assembly 144 to bridge the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 and to install the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 on the roof structure 176. The base mount assembly 102 attached to the roof structure 176 comprises a base member 104 having a top surface 108 and a bottom surface (not shown), a block slider 110 having an elevated seal portion 112 (See FIG. 2 ) and a vertical engaging portion 114 and a top slider 124 having a top portion 126 and a bottom portion 128.

The clamp assembly 144 includes a clamp member 146 that is fixed with a plate member 148. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 can be easily disassembled and hence provides a compact means of storage when not in use. The bottom surface (not shown) of the base member 102 is engaged with the roof structure 176. The block slider 110 is connected with the base member 104 and with the bottom portion 128 of the top slider 124. A track 130 having a horizontal groove 132 is included at the top portion 126 of the top slider 124 and a sliding seal member 134 having a sliding groove 136 and an opening 138 are included at the bottom portion 128 of the top slider 124. The sliding seal member 134 is secured to the block slider 110 utilizing at least one fastening means 140. The clamp member 146 and the plate member 148 are attached with the track 130 utilizing at least one securing means 150. The clamp member 146 includes a plurality of apertures 154 (See FIG. 10 ) on an inner surface 156 thereof and a plurality of holes 157 to receive a plurality of screws 178. The plate member 148 includes a plurality of slots 152 to receive the at least one securing means 150. The clamp member 146 is shown in further detail in FIGS. 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, 21, 22, 23, and 24 as well as their position within the solar array in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 .

FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the base mount assembly 102 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. A waterproof means 106 is attached on the top surface 108 of the base member 104. In the preferred embodiment, the base member 104 is made from an aluminum flashing. The bottom surface (not shown) of the base member 104 is engaged with the roof structure 176. The elevated seal portion 112, having a borehole 116 formed therethrough to receive the waterproof means 106, engages with the base member 104 and the roof structure 176, utilizing at least one tightening means 118 that is inserted through the borehole 116 and the waterproof means 106. Then, the at least one tightening means 118 comes from the borehole 116 and the waterproof means 106 is drilled into the roof structure 176. The base mount assembly 102 includes a covering means 142 that is adaptable to securely cover the at least one tightening means 118 on the elevated seal portion 112 for providing waterproof sealing between the base mount assembly 102 and the roof structure 176.

The at least one tightening means 118 is of the type typically known in construction/installation and may comprise a structural screw having a head portion 218. Specifically, the at least one tightening means 118 is a T-30/hex washer head lag screw. A sealing washer 158 is utilized for fitting on the at least one tightening means 118 and adapted to seal the borehole 116 in the elevated seal portion 112, through which the at least one tightening means 118 is fitted, so as to prevent seepage of water. Preferably, the sealing washer 158 is an annular disc, which is deformable to create a tight seal. In one embodiment, the sealing washer 158 comprises a disk 258 of rigid material such as steel, with a section 259 or outer layer of deformable material that may be selected from a group consisting of: fluorinated silicone, polyurethane and rubber. Additionally, the sealing washer 158, which is most likely to experience wear, is a simple, inexpensive part that can be replaced individually, as needed.

The vertical engaging portion 114 of the block slider 110 has a vertical groove 120 along the surface 122 thereof. The sliding seal member 134 of the top slider 124 slides over the vertical engaging portion 114 through the sliding groove 136 on the top slider 124 and secures to the block slider 110, utilizing the at least one fastening means 140 that is inserted through the vertical groove 120 on the vertical engaging portion 114 and the opening 138 on the sliding seal member 134. Preferably, the at least one fastening means 140 can be in the form of, for example, a cap screw or similar structures. The at least one fastening means 140 is securely tightened utilizing a lock nut 162. Typically, the lock nut is a serrated flange hex nut. The base mount assembly 102 further includes a plurality of wire clips 163 for holding/retaining one or more wires (not shown) from/for each PV module 170, 172, 174 that is mounted to a building surface by the clamp member 146.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the clamp assembly 144 associated with the base mount assembly 102 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The clamp assembly 144 comprises the clamp member 146 that is coupled with the plate member 148. The clamp member 146 includes a plurality of apertures 154 (See FIG. 10 ) on an inner surface 156 thereof and a plurality of holes 157 to receive a plurality of screws 178, and the plate member 148 includes a plurality of slots 152. The plurality of apertures 154 and the plurality of slots 152 are oriented along a common longitudinal path to receive the at least one securing means 150.

The clamp assembly 144 is assembled with the base mount assembly 102 when in use. The at least one securing means 150 is slid through the horizontal groove 132 and inserted through the plurality of slots 152 on the plate member 148 and the plurality of apertures 154 on the inner surface 156 of the clamp member 146. Thus, the clamp member 146, the plate member 148 and the top slider 124 are secured to each other utilizing the at least one securing means 150. The at least one securing means 150 may comprise a cap screw. Preferably, the at least one securing means 150 is a stainless steel 5/16 “Ø×2” grade 18/8 machine bolt. While securing the clamp assembly 144 with the base mount assembly 102, an engaging nut 160 and a plurality of retainer rings 161 are utilized with the at least one securing means 150 to provide a tight seal. Preferably, the plurality of retainer rings 161 is made of plastic and the engaging nut 160 is a hex nut. It is noted that the engaging nut 160 utilized with the at least one securing means 150 replaces the conventional brake and provides a tight, secure attachment between the clamp assembly 144 and the base mount assembly 102. The least one securing means 150 is securely tightened utilizing the lock nut 162. Specifically, the lock nut 162 is a serrated flange hex nut.

The clamp member 146 replaces the conventional brake and eliminates edge bridge/mid edge conflict. This clamp assembly 144 works both on top of the base mount assembly 102 as well as independently. Such clamp assembly 144 is adjustable to fit “off-the-shelf” available PV modules. Moreover, the clamp assembly 144 is adjustable to mount most standard size PV modules. Furthermore, the clamp assembly 144 can fit all types of framed and frameless PV modules.

FIG. 4 illustrates a first mounting position of the rail-less roof mounting system 100 interlocking the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 to form a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The clamp member 146 interconnects the frame member 164 of the PV module 170 to the frame member 166 of the adjacent PV module 172. The clamp member 146 is attached to the frame members 164, 166, 168 of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 by inserting a plurality of screws 178 into the plurality of holes 157 at a middle of a formed PV array. In the first mounting position, the clamp assembly 144 is coupled with the base mount assembly 102, utilizing one of the securing means 150 that is inserted through one of the apertures 154 in the inner surface 156 of the clamp member 146 and one of the slots 152 on the plate member 148.

FIG. 5 illustrates a second mounting position of the rail-less roof mounting system 100 interlocking the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 to form the corner-to-corner coupling arrangement in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The clamp member 146 interconnects the frame member 164 of the PV module 170 to the frame member 166 of the adjacent PV module 172. In the second mounting position, the clamp assembly 144 is coupled with the base mount assembly 102 utilizing another securing means 150 that is inserted through another aperture 154 in the inner surface 156 of the clamp member 146 and another slot 152 on the plate member 148.

For instance, the clamp member 146 interlocks corners of the frame members 164, 166, 168 of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 to form a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 . Although the rail-less roof mounting system 100 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 holding three PV modules 170, 172, 174, it is noted that the at least one rail-less roof mounting system 100 can bridge four PV modules at the corners in any row and column configuration. Thus, the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 are interlocked in a way to provide the corner-to-corner coupling arrangement which enables the connection of PV module corners to adjacent PV module corners by sandwiching above and beneath the frame members 164, 166, 168 of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174. Moreover, the clamp member 146 interlocks top and bottom surfaces of the frame members 164, 166, 168 of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .

In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 provided is aluminum framed PV modules. However, while the present invention will be described for use with a framed PV module, the present invention is not so limited. Thus, it is within the scope of the present invention that rigid frameless PV modules, i.e. PV modules utilizing glass modules, may also be utilized to practice the present invention. In one embodiment, the corner-to corner coupling arrangement provides connection with other mounting and/or racking components and does not provide attachment or connection with any portion of the roof structure 176 such as waterproofing layers, structural rooftop layers or any/all cosmetic layers.

FIG. 6 illustrates the rail-less roof mounting system 100 interlocking two PV modules 192, 194 in accordance with an alternate configuration of the present invention. In this configuration, the rail-less roof mounting system 100 interlocks top and bottom surfaces of frame members of two adjacent PV modules 192, 194 at an end of a formed PV array.

FIG. 7 illustrates installation of the rail-less roof mounting system 100 on the roof structure 176 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The roof structure 176 serves as a mounting surface for the base mount assembly 102. The base member 104 is placed on the roof structure 176 and the at least one tightening means 118 is inserted through the borehole 116, the waterproof means 106 and a roof rafter 180 that is positioned just beneath a roofing material 182 and a roofing sheathing 184. The illustrative installation provides a single point of penetration with the elevated seal portion 112 for providing waterproofing. A minimum embedment depth of 2½ inches is preferred. Typically, the at least one tightening means 118 is a GRK RSS rugged structural screw made of specially hardened steel to provide with high tensile, torque and shear strength. For example, the screw has a 5/16 inch nominal diameter underneath the sealing washer 158, a minimum of torque screw to 13 ft-lb and may be made of hardened steel preferably with an all weather coating such as Climatek™ coating. Furthermore, the roof structure 176 can include pre-stamped and/or pre-drilled pilot holes formed therein through which the at least one tightening means 118 can be inserted. For example, the pilot holes have a diameter of about ⅛ of an inch. More profitably, the rail-less roof mounting system 100 is easily and quickly installed with minimal tools, such as a ½ inch open-end box wrench and a ½ inch socket.

A method for installing a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules 170, 172, 174 on a roof structure 176 includes the following steps. Firstly, a rail-less roof mounting system 100 is provided for mounting the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174. The base member 104 is placed on the roof structure 176 and the block slider 110 is positioned above the base member 104 by inserting the waterproof means 106 through the borehole 116 on the elevated seal portion 112. The at least one tightening means 118 is inserted through the borehole 116 and the waterproof means 106 to secure the block slider 110 and the base member 104 with the roof structure 176. The sliding seal member 134 is slid over the vertical engaging portion 114 through the sliding groove 136 on the top slider 124. The at least one fastening means 140 is inserted through the vertical groove 120 on the vertical engaging portion 114 and the opening 138 on the top slider 124 to attach the top slider 124 to the block slider 110. The at least one fastening means 140 is tightened utilizing the lock nut 162. The at least one securing means 150 is slid through the horizontal groove 132 and inserted through the plurality of slots 152 on the plate member 148 and a plurality of apertures 154 on clamp member 146 to attach the clamp member 146 and the plate member 148 with the track 130 of the top slider 124. The at least one securing means 150 is tightened utilizing the lock nut 162.

Then, the clamp member 146 interconnects the frame member 164 of the PV module 170 to the frame member 166 of the adjacent PV module 172 to provide a corner-to-corner coupling arrangement. Finally, the clamp member 146 is attached with the frame member 164 of the PV module 170 by inserting a plurality of screws 178 into a plurality of holes 157 on the clamp member 146. Thus, the corner-to-corner coupling arrangement enables the connection of PV module corners to adjacent PV module corners by sandwiching above and beneath the frame members 164, 166, 168 of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174.

FIG. 8 illustrates the base mount assembly 102 configured to adjust the mounting height of the rail-less roof mounting system 100 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The height of mounting of the rail-less roof mounting system 100 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the top slider 124 along the vertical engaging portion 114 of the block slider 110. The top slider 124 can be moved along the vertical engaging portion 114 and can be secured at desired position or height by tightening the at least one fastening means 140 through the vertical groove 120 on the vertical engaging portion 114 and the opening 138 on the sliding seal member 134.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate perspective and profile views of a PV array skirt 186 providing a snap-fit engagement with the rail-less roof mounting system 100 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. A PV array skirt 186 is installed on an edge of a PV array. The PV array skirt 186 may provide improved aesthetics, safety and structural performance. The PV array skirt 186 may partially or fully obscure air gap and mounting hardware located beneath the PV array. The PV array skirt 186 may allow for the snap-fit engagement of the PV array skirt 186 to the rail-less roof mounting system 100. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 may also allow for the snap-fit engagement with the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174. The snap-fit engagement between the PV array skirt 186 and the rail-less roof mounting system 100 is achieved by inserting an extrusion 188 of the PV array skirt 186 along a grooved edge 147 of the plate member 148. Thus, the grooved edge 147 provides a seat for the extrusion 188 of the PV array skirt 186 to provide the snap-fit engagement. The snap-fit engagement provides a longer landing ability to the plate member 148 and an ability to easily clean out debris from under the PV array skirt 186.

FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of interlocking of two PV array skirts 186 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The two PV array skirts 186 are placed end-to-end and ready to be interlocked together with a plurality of skirt clips 190. The plurality of skirt clips 190 is adaptable to prevent the PV array skirt 186 from sagging. The PV array skirt 186 may be manufactured from bent metal and may snap onto the rail-less roof mounting system 100 via the grooved edge 147 of the plate member 148. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 allows for vertical height adjustment therefore allowing for adjustment of height of the PV array skirt 186 above the roof structure 176 thus preventing the debris from entering the underlying air gap. A gap provided between the PV array skirt 186 and the frame member 164 may be sized in order to enable adequate room for installing the plurality of wire clips 163 or any other mounting structures.

The embodiments discussed above allow for portrait orientation, landscape orientation or a combination of both. In a portrait orientation, the PV array having each of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 oriented, with the longest axis of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 extend in a forward-rearward direction, which is typically the south-north direction. The plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 have long edges with length running in cross-slope direction. It is noted, however, that the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 can alternatively be oriented in a landscape orientation, that is, with the longest axis of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 extending in a lateral or side-to-side direction which is typically the east-west direction. Thus, the above-disclosed rail-less roof mounting system 100 can be used for gable roofs, hip roofs and flat and low slope gable roofs. The plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 have short edges with width running in cross-slope direction. Further, the rail-less roof mounting system 100 has the ability to cantilever the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 for both portrait and landscape orientation, for example, 13 inch cantilever portrait and 19 inch cantilever landscape.

The preferred embodiment reduces the number of parts, the size, and the cost of the parts, resulting in a total part count of approximately 151 (a 50% reduction) and a total mounting system hardware cost of $0.30/W retail (a 54% reduction). Further, the labor time to install the rail-less roof mounting system 100 is decreased by a minimum of 35%, which results in the reduction of installation times by over 55% as installation efficiencies grow. When the rail-less roof mounting system 100 is installed for bridging the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174, it is revealed a decrease of around 47% in non-electrical installation hours. Additional system design and procurement soft-costs are reduced by 67%, when utilizing the system.

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a clamp assembly 196 in accordance with the present invention. The clamp assembly 196 is small in size and adaptable to use for end-clamping the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174. The clamp assembly 196 includes a clamp member 198 and a plate member 200. The clamp member 198 includes an aperture (not shown) on an inner surface 202 thereof and a pair of holes (not shown) to receive a pair of screws 204 and the plate member 200 includes a slot (not shown). The plate member 200 further includes a grooved edge 206 to accommodate the PV array skirt 186. At least one securing means 208 is inserted through the aperture (not shown) of the clamp member 198 and the slot (not shown) of the plate member 200 to engage the clamp member 198 and the plate member 200. The clamp assembly 196 and related components are shown in further detail in FIGS. 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, 21, 22, 23, and 24 as well as their position within the solar array in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 .

FIGS. 25A-25D illustrate perspective views of various alternative embodiments of the base member 104 used in accordance with the present invention. In these figures, the roof slope extends from lower left in the image to top right, which represents the side of the base member closest to the peak of a roof. Said again, the length of the base member is perpendicular with the peak or ridge of the roof, while the width extends left to right in a line parallel with the peak or ridge of the roof and perpendicular to the roof slope. In FIG. 25A, a short base member 220 having a single waterproof means 106, which is centered left to right on the base member, but offset toward the side of the base member that is away from the peak of the roof (that is, on the down slope side) at the top surface 108 as shown. FIG. 25B illustrates a long base member 222 having the waterproof means 106 on the top surface 108. In FIG. 25C, the long base member 222 having a pair of waterproof means 106 on the top surface 108 arranged along the width of the long base member 222 is shown, the waterproof means 106 being offset toward the downslope side away from the peak of the roof. FIG. 25D illustrates the long base member 222 with the pair of waterproof means 106 arranged along the length of the long base member 222. The short base member 220 and the long base member 222 are substantially flat rectangular metal flashing as previously described.

FIGS. 26A-26B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective views of attaching the combination of the block slider 110 and the top slider 124 with the short base member 220 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The block slider 110 and the top slider 124 are connected together by the at least one fastening means securely tightened utilizing a lock nut 162 to form an assembly 300. The borehole 116 on the elevated seal portion 112 of the block slider 110 is positioned over and around so as to engage the waterproof means 106 such that the waterproof means 106 and the borehole 116 align together with the waterproof means 106 inside the borehole 116. In this way the borehole 116 works together and mates with base member 220. The borehole 116 receives the waterproof means 106 and engages with the short base member 220 and the roof structure 176 utilizing the at least one tightening means 118 inserted through the borehole 116 and the waterproof means 106. The at least one tightening means 118 is drilled into the roof structure 176 as previously described. The sealing washer 158 is utilized to fit the at least one tightening means 118 and is adapted to seal the borehole 116 through which the at least one tightening means 118 is fitted, so as to prevent seepage of water. Preferably, the sealing washer 158 is an annular disc, which is deformable to create a tight seal.

FIGS. 27A-27B illustrate exploded and assembled perspective views of an L-shaped block 302 a attached to the long base member 222 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The L-shaped block 302 a includes a substantially horizontal portion 304 that functions as an elevated seal portion that is parallel to the roof, and comprises an opening 306 and a vertical engaging portion 308 that is generally perpendicular to the roof, the vertical engaging portion 308 further comprising a long vertical groove 310 and a serrated gripper surface 312 (see FIG. 28A) on the vertical engaging portion 308. Said again, the L-shaped block 302 a comprises a first portion parallel to the roof and configured to fit over the base member via a through hole having a consistent diameter, and into which extends the upstanding cylindrical portion, the L-shaped block 302 a further comprising a second portion integral to the block, perpendicular to the roof, and comprising an opening. The horizontal portion 304 is substantially perpendicular to and connected to the vertical engaging portion 308 to form the L-shaped block 302 a. The L-shaped block 302 a is attached to the long base member 222, as illustrated in FIG. 27B, utilizing the at least one tightening means 118 such that the waterproof means on the long base member 222 engages with the opening 306 on the substantially horizontal portion 304.

FIGS. 28A-28C illustrate perspective views of various embodiments of the L-mount clamps used in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 28A, the L-shaped block 302 a includes a substantially horizontal portion 304 having an opening 306 and a vertical engaging portion 308 having a vertical groove 310 and a serrated gripper surface 312 on the vertical engaging portion 308. The horizontal portion 304 is substantially perpendicular to and connected to the vertical engaging portion 308, and preferably are integral with one another, that is, formed from a single piece and acting as a unitary component to form the L-shaped block 302 a. In FIG. 28B, in the L-mount clamp 302 b, the vertical engaging portion 308 has the vertical groove extended to form an extended opening 314 and an extended end 316 on the vertical engaging portion 308. In this embodiment of the L-mount clamp 302 b, the serrated gripper surface 312 is provided on either side of the vertical engaging portion 308. FIG. 28C illustrates another embodiment of the L-mount clamp 302 c with the substantially horizontal portion 304 having the opening 306 and the vertical engaging portion 308 having the long vertical groove 310 connected in a slanted configuration. The serrated gripper surface 312 is provided on the outer surface of the vertical engaging portion 308. In the L-mount clamp 302 c of FIG. 28C, the horizontal portion 304 and the vertical engaging portion 308 are not perpendicular to each other.

FIGS. 29A-29B illustrates an exploded and assembled perspective views of the L-shaped block 302 a attached to the long base member 222 utilizing a deck plate assembly 320 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The deck plate assembly 320 includes a top deck plate 322, a bottom deck plate 324, a plurality of engaging means 338 and an attachment means 328, 330. The top deck plate 322 and the bottom deck plate 324 are substantially pentagonal shaped. The top deck plate 322 is slightly projected outwards and includes a central aperture 326. The bottom deck plate 324 has a plurality of apertures 336 on the outer periphery and a central projected region 332 with a central aperture 334. The plurality of engaging means 338 engages the plurality of apertures 336 on the outer periphery of the bottom plate 324. In this embodiment, the long base member 222 is sandwiched between the top deck plate 322 and the bottom deck plate 324. The top deck plate 322 is positioned over the waterproof means 106 on the long base member 222 such that a portion of the waterproof means 106 is projected above the top deck plate 322. The L-shaped block 302 a is positioned on the projected portion of the waterproof means 106. The bottom deck plate 324 is positioned beneath the long base member 222 such that the central aperture 334 on the bottom deck plate 324, the waterproof means 106 and the central aperture 326 on the top deck plate 322 aligns in a straight line. The attachment means 328, 330 engages the bottom deck plate 324, the waterproof means 106, the top deck plate 322 and the L-shaped block 302 a to hold the long base member 222, the deck plate assembly 320 and the L-mount clamp together 302 a. The attachment means 328, 330 includes a stud 328, a nut 330 and a sealing washer 340. The stud 328 engages through the central aperture 334 on the bottom deck plate 324, the waterproof means 106 on the long base member 222, the central aperture 326 on the top deck plate 322 and the opening 314 on the L-shaped block 302 a to hold the long base member 222, the deck plate assembly 320 and the L-shaped block 302 a together.

FIGS. 30A-30B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective view of the combination of the block slider 110 and the top slider 124 attached to the long base member 222 utilizing the deck plate assembly 320 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the assembly 300 having the combination of the block slider 110 and the top slider 124 attached to the long base member 222 utilizing the deck plate assembly 320. The long base member 222 is sandwiched between the top deck plate 322 and the bottom deck plate 324 such that a portion of the waterproof means 106 is projected outwards from the top deck plate 324. The bore hole 116 on the assembly 300 engages with the waterproof means 106 projected above the top deck plate 322. The attachment means 328, 330 of the deck plate assembly 320 including the stud 328, the nut, 330 and the sealing washer 340 holds together the long base member 222, the deck plate assembly 320 and the assembly 300.

FIGS. 31A-31B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective view of the L-shaped block 302 a attached to the long base member 222 utilizing a deck plate assembly 320 having a captive nut 342 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the deck plate assembly 320 includes a top deck plate 322, a bottom deck plate 324 with the captive nut 342, a plurality of engaging means 338 and a stud 328 with a sealing washer 340. The top deck plate 322 includes a central aperture 326 and is attached to the top surface 108 of the long base member 222. The waterproof means 106 projects outwards through the central aperture 326 of the top deck plate 322. The bottom deck plate 324 has a plurality of apertures 336 on the outer periphery and a central projected region 332 with the captive nut 342. The plurality of engaging means 338 engages the plurality of apertures 336 on the bottom plate 324. The long base member 222 is sandwiched between the top deck plate 322 and the bottom deck plate 324. The L-shaped block 302 a is positioned on the projected portion 332 of the waterproof means 106. The bottom deck plate 324 with the captive nut 342 is positioned beneath the long base member 222. The stud 328 with the sealing washer 340 engages the captive nut 342 on the bottom deck plate 324, thereby holding the deck plate assembly 320, the long base member 222 and the L-shaped block 302 a together.

FIGS. 32A-32B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective view of attaching the L-shaped block 302 a with the long base member 222 utilizing a deck plate assembly 320 having a captive stud 344 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the deck plate assembly 320 includes a top deck plate 322, a bottom deck plate 324 with a captive stud 344, a plurality of engaging means 338 and a nut 330 with a sealing washer 340. The top deck plate 322 includes a central aperture 326 and is attached to the top surface 108 of the long base member 222 such that the waterproof means 106 projects outwards through the central aperture 326. The bottom deck plate 324 has a plurality of apertures 336 on the outer periphery and a central projected region 332 with the captive stud 344. The plurality of engaging means 338 engages the plurality of apertures 336 on the bottom plate 324. The bottom deck plate 324 with the captive stud 344 is positioned beneath the base member 222 such that the captive stud 344 projects outwards through the waterproof means 106. The L-shaped block 302 a is positioned on the base member 222 through the captive stud 344. The nut 330 with the sealing washer 340 engages the captive stud 344 on the bottom deck plate 324, thereby holding the deck plate assembly 320, the base member 222 and the L-shaped block 302 a together.

FIGS. 33A-33B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective view of attaching the combination of the block slider 110 and the top slider 124 to the long base member 222 utilizing the deck plate assembly 320 having the captive stud 344 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the deck plate assembly 320 is similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 32A-32B with the bottom deck plate 324 having the captive stud 344. To attach the assembly 300 with the long base member 222, the bottom deck plate 324 is positioned below the long base member 222 such that the captive stud 344 engages with the waterproof means 106 and projects outwards. The assembly 300 is positioned on the long base member 222 such that the borehole 116 engages with the waterproof means 106. The base member 222 and the assembly 300 is tightened with the sealing washer 340 and the nut 330 with the projected portion 332 of the captive stud 344 on the bottom deck plate 324. Thus, the assembly 300 is attached to the base member 222 utilizing the deck plate assembly 320 having the captive stud 344.

FIGS. 34A-34B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective view of attaching the combination of block slider 110 and the top slider 124 to the long base member 222 utilizing the deck plate assembly 320 having the captive nut 342 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This deck plate assembly 320 includes the top deck plate 322, the bottom deck plate 324 with the captive nut 342, the plurality of engaging means 338 and the stud 328 with the sealing washer 340. The top deck plate 322 is attached to the top surface 108 of the base member 222 and the waterproof means 106 projects outwards through the central aperture 326 of the top deck plate 322. The plurality of engaging means 338 engages with the plurality of apertures 336 on the bottom plate 324. The base member 222 is sandwiched between the top deck plate 322 and the bottom deck plate 324. The assembly 300 is positioned on the projected portion of the waterproof means 106. The bottom deck plate 324 with the captive nut 342 is positioned beneath the base member 222. The stud 328 with the sealing washer 340 engages the captive nut 342 on the bottom deck plate 324, thereby holding the deck plate assembly 320, the base member 222 and the assembly 300 together.

FIG. 35 illustrates a perspective view of multiple base members with the L-shaped block 302 a attached to the rails 350 of the PV system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The L-shaped block 302 a is attached to the long base member 222 as illustrated in FIGS. 27A and 27B. A plurality of rails 350 for mounting the plurality of photovoltaic modules can be mounted on the L-shaped block 302 a. The plurality of rails 350 is connected with the long vertical groove 310 on the vertical engaging portion 308 of the L-shaped block 302 a. The L-shaped block 302 a is attached to the roof structure and the plurality of rails 350 are connected to the L-shaped block 302 a. The vertical engaging portion 308 of the L-shaped block 302 a allows the plurality of rails 350 to be held at an elevated position above the roof structure. The photovoltaic modules can then be mounted on the rails 350.

FIGS. 36A-36B illustrate an exploded and assembled perspective view of a tile mount assembly connected with the long base member 222 accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the long base member 222 with a pair of waterproof means 106 is employed as illustrated in FIG. 25C. The tile mount assembly includes a rectangular tile mount 352, an extended L-mount clamp 354 and a pair of tightening means 118 with a pair of washers 158. The rectangular tile mount 352 includes a plurality of tile holes 356 and an extended tile groove 360 along the length of the rectangular tile mount 352. The plurality of tile holes 356 is distributed on either side along the length of the rectangular tile mount 352. The extended L-mount clamp 354 is similar to the L-shaped block 302 a with an extended base portion 358 having a small hole 346 and a small screw 348. The extended base portion 358 is adaptable to slide through the extended tile groove 360 on the rectangular tile mount 352. The rectangular tile mount 352 is positioned on the long base member 222 such that a pair of tile holes 356 coincide with the pair of waterproof means 106 on the long base member 222. The pair of tightening means 118 with the pair of washers 158 is employed to hold the rectangular tile mount 352 with the long base member 222. The extended L-mount clamp 354 is slid through the extended tile groove 360 on the rectangular tile mount 352 and the small screw 348 is tightened with the small hole 346 to fix the extended L-mount clamp 354 in position. This embodiment allows quick fixing of the extended L-mount clamp 354 on the rectangular tile mount 352 and provides an elevated water seal to the roof.

FIGS. 37A-37B illustrate exploded and assembled perspective views of a shared rail mount 362 a connected with the base member 222 and the L-shaped block 302 a in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment of the shared rail mount 362 a is employed to connect the L-shaped block 302 a with the long base member 222. In this embodiment, the long base member 222 of FIG. 25D is employed. The shared rail mount 362 a is rectangular in shape and includes a pair of rail mount holes 366 on one side along the length of the shared rail mount 362 a and a narrow groove 364 extending along the length of the shared rail mount 362 a. The size of the narrow groove 364 is adaptable to accommodate the stud 328 in an inverted position. The shared rail mount 362 a is positioned on the long base member 222 such that the pair of waterproof means 106 coincide with the pair of rail mount holes 366. The pair of tightening means 118 with the pair of washers 158 is employed to fix the shared rail mount 362 a with the long base member 222. The stud 328 is slid through the narrow groove 364 on the shared rail mount 362 a and the L-shaped block 302 a is fixed on the shared rail mount 362 a by tightening the stud 328 through the opening with the nut 330.

FIGS. 38A-38B illustrates exploded and assembled perspective views of a tile replacement mount 370 a connected with the long base member 222 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The tile replacement mount 370 a is rectangular in shape and includes a pair of replacement holes 368 on either side along the length and a narrow groove (not shown). The tile replacement mount 370 a is positioned on the long base member 222 such that the pair of waterproof means 106 coincide with the pair of replacement holes 368. In this embodiment, the long base member 222 of FIG. 25C is employed. The pair of tightening means 118 with the pair of washers 158 is employed to fix the tile replacement mount 370 a with the long base member 222.

FIG. 39 illustrates a front view of a plurality of tightening means in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The plurality of tightening means along with the washer is used to connect the different types of clamp assemblies with the base member.

FIGS. 40A-40B illustrate a plurality of brackets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The tile replacement mount 370 a and another embodiment of a tile replacement mount 370 b is illustrated in FIG. 40A. FIG. 40B illustrates the shared rail mount 362 a and another embodiment of a shared rail mount 362 b.

The presently disclosed system is advantageous because it provides the corner-to-corner coupling arrangement, enabling the bridging of corners of the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 provides a single grounding lug for assembling the PV array consisting of 300 PV modules or less. Further, the rail-less roof mounting system 100 includes the plurality of wire clips 163, which are designed to work in multiple locations to minimize wire management issues. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 allows for more customizability in the PV array shape by allowing the installer to easily work around roof obstructions like vents, skylights, and other roof protrusions This rail-less roof mounting system 100 provides the ability to increase vertical leveling adjustability, for instance, 3 inch to 5 inch. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 has the ability to independently remove a single PV module without deconstructing an entire row of the PV array and allow for easy mounting height adjustment after the plurality of PV modules 170, 172, 174 are installed. The rail-less roof mounting system 100 can be easily assembled and disassembled and the components can be laid flat for easy storage and shipping. Furthermore, the rail-less roof mounting system 100 would require less manpower to install and rework.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been presented for the purpose of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. It is intended that the scope of the present invention to not be limited by this detailed description, but by the claims and the equivalents to the claims appended hereto. 

1. A roof mounting system for attaching at least one PV module to a roof, the system comprising: (a.) a roof having a roof surface; (b.) a plurality of mounts, each of the plurality of mounts comprising: (i.) a base having a first surface adjacent the roof surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; (ii.) an upstanding projection connected to and extending away from the base, the upstanding projection comprising a distal end having a distal end aperture; (iii.) a block comprising a substantially horizontal portion and a vertical engaging portion, wherein the vertical engaging portion comprises grooves and the substantially horizontal portion has an opening and is configured to fit over the base and upstanding projection; (iv.) a tightening means attaching the block and base to the roof, the tightening means having a long portion and a head portion (v.) a sealing washer between the head portion and the upstanding projection distal end, the sealing washer comprising a rigid portion contacting the head portion and a deformable part contacting the distal end thereby forming a waterproof seal; and (c.) at least one PV module coupled to at least one of said plurality of mounts, the PV module having a mounting height; and (d.) a sliding member having a sliding groove mating with a vertical engaging portion to adjust the PV module mounting height.
 2. The roof mounting system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of structural members are adjustably attached to the block vertical engaging portions and comprise a top portion and a horizontal groove in the top portion extending the length of each structural member.
 3. The roof mounting system of claim 2 wherein a plurality of clamp assemblies are connected to the at least one PV module and are configured to connect to the top portion of the structural member via the horizontal groove.
 4. The roof mounting system of claim 3 wherein each of the clamp assemblies is configured to sandwich the at least one PV module between a clamp member and a structural member top portion.
 5. A roof mounting system for attaching at least one PV module to a roof, the system comprising: (a.) a base member having a top surface comprising an upstanding cylindrical portion that extends away from a roof surface, the upstanding cylindrical portion defining a through hole and a distal end aperture; (b.) a block member comprising: (i.) a first portion parallel to the roof and configured to fit over the base member; (ii.) a through hole having a consistent diameter, and into which extends the upstanding cylindrical portion; (iii.) a second portion integral to the block, perpendicular to the roof, and comprising an opening; and (iv) a vertical engaging portion comprising grooves; and (c.) a first screw attaching the block member and the base member to the roof, the screw having a long portion and a head portion; (d.) a sealing washer comprising a rigid portion and a deformable part and compressed between the screw head portion and a top surface of the block member first portion and above the upstanding cylindrical portion; and (e.) at least one PV module.
 6. The roof mounting system of claim 5 wherein a structural member supports the at least one PV module above the roof and comprises a top portion having a track extending the entire length of the top portion and a bottom portion connecting to the block member second portion.
 7. The roof mounting system of claim 6 wherein a clamp assembly connects the at least one PV module to the structural member.
 8. The roof mounting system of claim 5 wherein the second portion opening has a length that is greater than its width.
 9. The roof mounting system of claim 8 wherein the length enables a height adjustable connection between the block member and the structural member.
 10. The roof mounting system of claim 5 wherein the block member first portion and the block member second portion extend away from each other at an approximately 90-degree angle.
 11. A roof mounting system for installing at least one PV module on a roof surface, the roof mounting system comprising: (a.) a base mount assembly attached to a roof surface, the base mount assembly comprising: (i.) a base member having a top surface comprising: (1.) a substantially flat area; and (2.) a rounded upstanding portion extending directly away from the base and defining a distal end aperture; (ii.) a block member comprising: (1.) a first portion substantially parallel to the roof surface, configured to fit over the base member upstanding portion, and comprising a through hole configured to surround the upstanding portion; (2.) a second portion integral to the block and extending away from the roof surface and comprising a slotted opening; and (3) a vertical engaging portion comprising grooves; and (iii.) a tightening means attaching the base mount assembly to the roof surface by insertion through said through hole and said distal end aperture, the tightening means having a head portion; and (iv.) a sealing washer on the tightening means and adapted to seal the base mount assembly to prevent seepage of water, wherein the sealing washer comprises a rigid portion in contact with the tightening means head portion and a deformable component in contact with: (1.) the block member first portion; (2.) the tightening means; and (3.) the upstanding portion distal end; and (v.) wherein the deformable component is compressed between: (1.) the tightening means head and the block member first portion; and (2.) the tightening means head and the upstanding portion distal end; (b.) a structural member supporting the at least one PV module above the roof, the structural member having a groove running the entire length of the structural member; and (c.) a clamp assembly connecting the at least one PV module to the structural member.
 12. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein the base member is a substantially flat rectangular metal flashing.
 13. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein the base member is installed in portrait orientation on the roof.
 14. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein: (a.) the roof surface has a slope having a high end and a low end; (b.) the base member has a base member length and a base member width, the base member length having a first end and a second end, and wherein the upstanding portion is located centrally with respect to the base member width and off center and towards the roof surface slope low end with respect to the length of the base member.
 15. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein the block member first portion and the block member second portion extend away from each other at an approximately 90-degree angle.
 16. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein the structural member is adjustably connected to the block member second portion via the slotted opening.
 17. The adjustable connection of claim 16 wherein the adjustably connected structural member enables a height-variable connection of the at least one PV module to the roof.
 18. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein the groove is configured to receive a clamp assembly securing means.
 19. The roof mounting system of claim 11 wherein the clamp assembly clamps at least one frame member of the at least one PV module between a clamp member and the structural member top portion. 